Frederic Douglass Essay - 1305 Words

The United States of America is a country that was founded on the basic principles of freedom and liberty. This often leaves it with a reputation as a land full of hope, where anything is possible as long as one is willing to work hard for it. Unfortunately, this idea is not always true. Frederick Douglas, who was born a slave, did not have the privelege of this aforementioned freedom, liberty, and social mobility. Even though he was an exceptionally bright man, he was enslaved and persecuted because of his skin color. His life represents both the failure and success of the American dream, with the failure being the extremely more dominant, because of the color of his skin. amp;#9;The most fundemental of aspect of the American dream is†¦show more content†¦(Quote where he says he felt freedom) Feeling this yearnig from freedom at such a young age shows that being free was a god given right or quot;Law of naturequot;, as Jefferson so eloquently stated in the Declaration of Independence. With all of this is mind it is very clear Douglass being born in to slavery was a deifinite failure of the American Dream. amp;#9;In the Declaration of Independence one of the most famous portions goes as follows: quot;We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed to certain unailiable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness.quot; This pursuit of happiness is a very important part of the American dream, for it is the result of all the rights that were layed out. By being alloted these rights a person is free to pursue happiness in their life, whatever happiness may be to them. amp;#9;It is very ironic that when Douglass finally got his first taste of freedom he had to be deceptive in sneaking away from his owner, just as the writers of the constution were deceptive in their defintion of quot;manquot;. Once Douglass escaped from slavery he was surprised to find that the north also a very racist place. Not only did the majority of northern whites still feel that blacks were inferiour, New York was full of people looking to turn in fugitive slaves. Frederick also found that his abolitionist friends were not free from this prejudice. At gatheringsShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Life of Frederic Douglass1087 Words   |  5 Pageswhen the start of America was in effect, Fredrick Douglass wrote an autobiography called, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass’s was an abolitionist and his impact upon the antislavery movement in America remains his crowning achievement. Although he wasnt a leader of some violent rebellion, his literat ure and renowned public speaking helped solidify his accomplishments towards the abolition of slavery. Fredrick Douglass was so prominent in the 19th century that he advisedRead MoreEssay on Education: Causes Effects584 Words   |  3 Pagesfamilies, social backgrounds, and cultures. 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Douglas shares with more detail one of his experiences of his journal as a slave, when he was under the power of Mr. Covey, in where he witnessed how he used a female slave as a breeder:Read MoreDouglass Example Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pages100 million people, equivalent to 1800s of the total population Africa.    5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Southerners treat their slaves well?  Ã‚  They loved to sing.  Ã‚  What was Douglass’  perception about the songs?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Southern  slave owners treated their slaves no good. Most of the slaves worked in the plantation. The slave was born black leaders - Frederic, said in his autobiography, the average person is happy, when the slaves sing songs of grief and sadness. Or sing particularly desolate feeling very warm tone;Read MoreThe Congregation Of Charity Of The Incarnate Word1380 Words   |  6 Pages They were founded in September 1866. 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In 1851, Dame Shirley (Louise Amelia Knapp Smith Clappe) began publishing The Shirley Letters, vividRead More Performance Practice of Baroque Vocal Technique Essay3387 Words   |  14 PagesInterpretation of Music. Harper Row, 1963. 51-52. Classical Vocal Technique. [17 Oct. 2003] Glover, Jane. What is Baroque Music? Answer 3: A Fusion of Sound and Setting. Music of the Baroque. n.dat. n.pag. [17 Oct. 2003] . Handel, George Frederic. Ah! Spietato! 45 Arias from Operas and Oratorios for Voice and Piano, High Voice. Ed. Sergius Kagen. vol. 1. New York: International Music Company, 1959. 26-29. Jones, David L. Specific Issues Concerning the Professional Baroque Singer. 2003Read MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 Pagesvoyage. 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(New York: Routledge). Miles, Malcolm, and Tim Hall, with Iain Borden. 2004. The City Cultures Reader, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge). Sennett, Richard, ed. 1969. Classic Essays on the Culture of Cities

Physical Status Score Improves Predictions Of Survival...

Full title: Self-reported fitness combined with American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status Score improves predictions of survival after endovascular aneurysm repair Category: Original article Short title: Combining self-reported fitness and ASA improves survival predictions after EVAR Authors: Mary Barnes (BAppSc, GradDipMath)1 , Margaret Boult (BSc (Hons), GDIM)2, Prue Cowled (BSc(Hons), PhD)2, Robert A Fitridge (MS, FRACS)2 Affiliations: 1CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia 2Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia Corresponding author: Professor Robert Fitridge, Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, South Australia, 5011, AUSTRALIA Telephone number: +61 8 8222 7711, Fax number: +61 8 8222 6028 Email: robert.fitridge@adelaide.edu.au Source of Funding: This study was funded from a project grant (565335) awarded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Keywords: Endovascular procedures; aortic aneurysm, abdominal; physical fitness, ASA, mortality; registries; aged. Abstract Introduction: Although the American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status Score was established for statistical purposes, it is often used prognostically. However, older patients undergoing elective surgery are most often classified ASA 3, which limits the ability to stratify patients. We look at the

Arts and Design Concepts and Contexts

Question: Write an essay about the "Kangaroos as iconic objects in Australia". Answer: The continent of Australia has a very rich and diverse culture. The culture of Australia is derived from its varied geography, the rich heritage of oceans and seas including the influence the British colonization had on the land and people of Australia. The Australian culture is greatly influenced by the British settlement and it was the arrival of British that first created the rule of law and democracy in Australia (Glin 2013). Originally, Australia was a land of Aboriginal people who lived as tribals in Australia. Thus, Australia is blessed with varied and iconic cultural objects in their nature, however, the most iconic of the entire cultural objects which Australia inhabitants is the Australian kangaroo. The Australian kangaroo is only found in the continent of Australia where it lives in wild also. The Australian kangaroo is the national animal of Australia. Although kangaroos are only found in the continent of Australia, different species of kangaroo have different Australian states and territories as their home. There are almost four major species of Australian kangaroo and 12 different species of tree kangaroos which belong to different Australian territories right from Victorian to Queensland to Tasmania region. An Australian kangaroo is most popular for the strength and it possesses along with its beatifically different body structure compared to other animals or mammals. The scientific name for a kangaroo is Macropods which means the great footed and make them the most iconic and popular wildlife attraction which brings many tourist and locals in Australia making them the cultural icon of Australia (Cowlishaw Gillian 2013). The term icon is Greek in origin and refers to a person, symbol or object which represents a particular team or a region and has religious, cultural values attached to it. The term icon has repetitively been used to describe a religious object in medieval period in Europe which have certain belief, culture, values and traditions attached to it and which are followed by the population at large as believers (Burns 2010). Over the years, these icons become much more than just representative signs as they expressed deep-rooted, sentimental and significant ideas about faith that binds its believers together in one group. Certain individuals believed that icons had certain magical powers which allowed them to bind cultures and community together. Thus, icons are also divided into two parts namely the traditional icons which have religious values and the popular icons which express cultural values and faith. Thus, the Australian Kangaroo is a popular icon of the continent of Australia. The primary reason for the Australian Kangaroo to be an icon in Australia is because the kangaroos, including all its species which are about 60 approximately are only found in the continent of Australia making its a symbol which recognizes the continent of Australia. Thus, the first thing that comes to ones mind when you hear about Australia is the kangaroos. As the kangaroos are the most iconic and rare species found only in the continent of Australia, it attracts many foreign tourists (Murphy 2013). Thus, the Australia government advertises the tourism in Australia through a symbol of a kangaroo, making the kangaroos an iconic heritage of the Australian culture and nature. Thus, every icon has the same features whether it symbolizing a religious belief or a continent itself, all icons are objects which express certain belief or a faith or values and are believed to have magical powers which binds all the believers together as one group or nation. However, icons have different distinction and category based on what they convey. Thus, the further distinction of icons is pure icons or functional icons. Pure icons are term used for those icons which have no role other than to express belief or faith of whatever they symbolize. On the other hand, functional icons are term used for those icons which have a certain function attached to it other than mere or pure symbolizing a belief or a faith (Klugman, Gary 2013). Additionally, a further distinction of icons depends on its size and nature of the groups that believe in the icon. Thus, when a small group of individuals like a family believe in an icon and symbolize a sign or an object representing their family , the said icon is referred as personal icons. When a small community, area or a region symbolized an object or an article representing a particular belief or faith, the said symbol is referred as a local icon. However, when an icon symbolizes the belief and faith and values of a particular cultural group or society, the said icon is referred as a cultural icon. Thus, keeping in mind the above mentioned categories of icons, Australian kangaroo is a pure cultural icon of the continent of Australia (Craw, Charlotte 2010). There is great importance and significance attached to the kangaroo in the land of Australia. Kangaroo is the symbol which represents the continent of Australia. A symbol usually reflects the cultural identity and promotes cultural heritage and regeneration. Symbols usually define and explain what culture is about and how the individuals in the present day are connected with the culture that they inherited from ancestors or the Mother Nature. Thus, Australia is a large continent which has a small urban civilization and very small population along with diversity in terms of their natural resources, therefore having just one symbol to have over all compliance and acceptance is difficult in the continent. However, the kangaroo as an Australian iconic symbol is widely accepted and recognized over all Australia and globally (Henderson, Lissiman 2010). One good example of kangaroo being used as an iconic symbol in Australia was seen many years back around 1983, when the Australia boxing group named Australia II ended the 132 years old dominance of the America over the victory cup (Davison 2010). The Boxing Kangaroo was the iconic symbol of the said victory. Kangaroo have a inherit feature in them to box and kick in order to prevent themselves or their families whenever danger arises, thus, keeping the said feature of a kangaroo in mind the idea of a boxing kangaroo was used to act as a marketing icon which was ac accepted and appreciated in Australia and all around the world. Therefore, it is clear that since a very long time, the kangaroos have been important and significant cultural heritage for the continent of Australia and have been used repetitively to symbolize the continent as its iconic symbol or object (Khamis, Susie 2012). To further discuss why the kangaroos make an iconic object in the continent of Australia, it is important to have knowledge about certain theories like the semiotics theory. Semiotics is a termed use to define a study which includes learning sign processes and communications. Under the semiotics study, an individual learns to learn signs processes, designation, indication, metaphor, symbolism and meaningful communications. The theory of semiotics is based on the relationship between a sign or an object and its meaning. The sign under the said theory represents the object in the head of an individual who is referred as an interpreter of the said sign. Thus, according to the theory of semiotics, individuals and people are the ones who act as the interpreter of signs. This interpretation by individuals is based on three different objects which are the designative feature of a sign which directs an individual directly to a particular object, the Appraise feature, which highlights the qua lities and the features of the object which in return allows the interpreter to analyze and evaluate the object (Gilfedder, Deirdre 2010). Lastly, the perceptive feature which allows the interpreter to response or act in a particular manner about the said object. Thus, individual related kangaroos and Australia and this relationship between the two is interpreted by individuals all over the world accepting kangaroo to be an iconic symbol in Australia. Thus, individuals are directed to kangaroos as a sign for Australian continent, the features of kangaroo like its presence only in Australia, makes individuals evaluation its importance as a sign in Australia and lastly, individuals accepting kangaroo as an iconic symbol of the continent of Australia is a way of responding to the said object. Thus, according to the semiotic theory, kangaroo is an iconic Australian cultural heritage and a sign which represents the Australian continent. According to the semiotic theory, an individual res ponds to a sign in three different ways, which are the perception stage where the individual is told about object as a sign second is the manipulation stage when the individual interprets and responses to the said sign and lastly the consummation stage when an individual responds and accepted the object as a sign (Larmour 2012). Thus, applying the said theory, kangaroo is accepted as a sign and symbol representing the land of Australia not just within the continent itself but also globally where people associate the sign of kangaroo only to the continent of Australia. Thus, kangaroos are of great cultural heritage in the continent of Australia which are recognized as a symbol representing the Australians land and continent within and outside Australia. Australia due to its diversity ahs many number of symbolic icons like the opera house, the gold cost beach, the Tasmania region, however these symbolic icons are regionally or local icons which only the individuals living in the neigh borhood of the regions recognize, however different and varied species of kangaroos are found all over in every state and territory in Australia making them accepted as an iconic symbol all over Australia and the world (Appleby, Bryce 2010). The world has recognized kangaroos as the most important iconic object in Australia, as breaches and opera houses are present all over the world in different countries and cities, however a kangaroo is only present and found in the land of Australia, making it Australias most important, distinct and iconic object (Crase 2011). Another theory which will help us related to kangaroos being an important iconic symbol of Australia is the concept of material culture. The concept of material culture talks about the physical evidence of a culture represented by an object. Material culture studies and philosophy describes the relationship between individuals in a society and the things around them, their history, preservation and the interpretation of the objects (Jaworski 2010). Therefore, a close relation can be drawn of the said concept or theory to the Australian kangaroos that are the physical evidence of the culture in the continent of Australia. The kangaroos are the objects which are the physical evidence of a cultural heritage and wildlife in Australia and are recognized globally (Postill 2012). Therefore, the semiotic theory and the concept of material culture make it evident that the kangaroos are the iconic symbol of Australia as individuals whether in Australia or outside always refer to kangaroos as a n inhabitant of Australia and recognize evaluation, respond and accepted kangaroos to be a symbolic and an iconic sign of the continent of Australia. After reviewing the semiotic theory and the concept of material culture, it is clear that the kangaroos are the symbols which represent the culture of Australia. It is also evident that the kangaroos are used as a sign to represent the Australian land and Australian since ancient times (McGregor, William 2010). However, a more recent theory of Visual rhetoric also will help us to argue that the kangaroos are indeed the most popular cultural symbol and heritage in Australia. The Visual rhetoric is a recent study which describes and states the manner in which visual images communicate compared to other modes like the verbal or aural way of delivering a message. This, the theory o Visual rhetoric somehow determines the ability of an individual to read a sign, image or a picture. Thus, the said theory of Visual rhetoric stated and tried to determine the capacity of an individual to read what an image or an object he sees is trying to communicate. Thus for an object, sign or symbol to be conceptualized as visual rhetoric, the object, sign and symbol must have three features (Verran, Helen 2010). These features include they object or sign to be symbolic in nature, representing a particular belief, faith or a region. The said object or sign needs to be intervened by humans and individuals needs to acknowledge it physical presence and lastly, the said object and sign needs to be held capable of being interpreted with the primary objective of communication. There is a close relation and similarity between the theory of Visual rhetoric and the theory of Semiotics. The theory of Semiotics is used to determine the rhetorical importance of sign making. Thus, the theory of semiotics talks about describing the physical importance or physical evidence of a symbol or a sign, whereas the theory of visual rhetoric is a broader aspect of a similar concept which determines the different ways in which individuals visually try to communicate with objects and signs. Thus, both these theories help us to establish concrete arguments which justify that the kangaroo is an iconic symbol and object of the continent of Australia (Silverstein, Michael 2010). The theory states that the images and signs communicate certain messages which is true in the case of Australian kangaroo which give its visual audience whether physical or in form of images, the message that the kangaroos are a rich cultural heritage of Australia and belong and habituate in the lands of Australia only making it the universally accepted symbol representing Australia. Thus, the use of icons to identify a belief, faith or a region is an ancient European concept which has taken a form of many theories in the recent past giving icons an identification too be used as a symbol in many regions and communities which are acceptable globally. As icons form a concrete part of a belief or a faith as it connects the believers of the same together in one group, the importance of icon is accepted and appreciated widely making its a globally accepted theory of identification of subjects (Raggatt, Pete 2010). There are a variety of iconic symbols representing different nations like the tiger is the iconic cultural animal of India; the city of Paris is symbolized by the famous Eiffel towers, the city of New York has an iconic street called Times Square whereas as the Bhuj Khalifa in Dubai is considered an iconic symbol. Thus, different countries in the world have different and varied signs or symbols which are iconic in nature and globally accepted. Thus, similarl y, in the continent of Australia, the kangaroos are considered to be an iconic symbol which represents the countrys rich diversity and heritage as the Australian land is the only place where kangaroos exist in the entire world, the whole world recognizes it as a symbol of the Australians land and culture. The iconic symbol of kangaroos is additionally used in the tourism marketing and attracts a lot of foreign tourist who visit to visit and see the kangaroos in the continent of Australia (Gorman-Murray2012). Reference List Appleby, Bryce. "Skippy the GreenKangaroo: Identifying Resistances to Eating Kangaroo in the Home in a Context of Climate Change." (2010). Burns, Peter M., Cathy Palmer, Jo-Anne Lester, and Lyn Bibbings, eds.Tourism and Visual Culture Methods and cases. Vol. 2. CABI, 2010. Cowlishaw, Gillian. "Living the Anthropology of Indigenous Australians."Up Close and Personal: On Peripheral Perspectives and the Production of Anthropological Knowledge25 (2013): 94. Crase, Lin, Sue OKeefe, and Brian Dollery. "Some observations about the reactionary rhetoric circumscribing the guide to the MurrayDarling Basin Plan."Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy30, no. 2 (2011): 195-207. Craw, Charlotte. "The ecology of emblem eating: Environmentalism, nationalism and the framing of kangaroo consumption."Media International Australia127, no. 1 (2010): 82-95. Davison, Jane. "Visual rhetoric and the case of intellectual capital."Accounting, Organizations and Society39, no. 1 (2014): 20-37. Glin, Uriel, Michelle E. Wilson, Graeme M. Coulson, and Marco Festa-Bianchet. "Offspring sex, current and previous reproduction affect feeding behaviour in wild eastern grey kangaroos."Animal Behaviour86, no. 5 (2013): 885-891. Gilfedder, Deirdre. "The visual rhetoric of Australian travel posters between the wars: Branding a new nation." (2010): 95. Gorman-Murray, Andrew, and Ruth Lane, eds.Material geographies of household sustainability. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2012. Henderson, Holly, and C. M. Skip Lissiman OAM. "The men from down under: the legacies of Australia II."International Journal of Event and Festival Management1, no. 3 (2010): 186-201. Jaworski, Adam, and Crispin Thurlow, eds.Semiotic landscapes: Language, image, space. AC Black, 2010. Khamis, Susie. "Brand Australia: half-truths for a hard sell."Journal of Australian Studies36, no. 1 (2012): 49-63. Klugman, Matthew, and Gary Osmond.Black and proud: the story of an iconic AFL photo. NewSouth, 2013. Larmour, Peter. "9. Corruption and the Concept of Culture: Evidence from the Pacific Islands."CORRUPTION(2012): 155. McGregor, William B. "Optional ergative case marking systems in a typological-semiotic perspective."Lingua120, no. 7 (2010): 1610-1636. Murphy, Laurie, Andrea Schurmann, and Gianna Moscardo. "Building brands with music: Australian cases." InMusic Business and the Experience Economy, pp. 153-174. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. Postill, John, and Sarah Pink. "Social media ethnography: The digital researcher in a messy web."Media International Australia145, no. 1 (2012): 123-134. Raggatt, Peter TF. "The Dialogical Self and Thirdness A Semiotic Approach to Positioning Using Dialogical Triads."Theory Psychology20, no. 3 (2010): 400-419. Silverstein, Michael. "Direct and indirect communicative acts in semiotic perspective."Journal of Pragmatics42, no. 2 (2010): 337-353. Verran, Helen. "Number as an inventive frontier in knowing and working Australias water resources."Anthropological Theory10, no. 1-2 (2010): 171-178.

Rewards of Hard Work free essay sample

Indulging in treats and good food in general brings incredible satisfaction and happiness to one’s body. Food serves as a unifying theme between Mary Oliver’s â€Å"Sister Turtle†, Kafka’s â€Å"A Hunger Artist† and Mildred Armstrong Kalish’s â€Å"Little Heathens†. Regardless of the different settings they place, â€Å"Little Heathens† and â€Å"Sister Turtle† share a love and appreciation for being able to enjoy food. Kalish’s memoir reflects on growing up during the Great Depression on a farm where she learns the importance of hard work and perseverance. We will write a custom essay sample on Rewards of Hard Work or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The narrator in â€Å"Sister Turtle†, however, struggles to enjoy food without feeling guilt and anxiety for succumbing to her body’s cravings. In contrast, Kafka’s hunger artist completely rejects food for the simple reason that he cannot find something tasteful. Consequently, he misses out on essential pleasures that food brings, such as happiness. People often take the luxury of cooking and eating a good meal for granted, even though putting food on the table requires hard work and perseverance. In â€Å"Little Heathens†, â€Å"Sister Turtle† and â€Å"A Hunger Artist†, the protagonists show their consciousness of the labor involved in obtaining and preparing food as well as the different pleasures that may derive from food. Raised by a single mother during the Great Depression, Kalish realized that modern technology has led to a loss of connection to food and a convenience-oriented society. Kalish’s childhood consisted of mundane chores and arduous farm work because her family had to provide everything for themselves. The Kalish family owned four farms that served as both a blessing and a curse during difficult times. In her adult life, Kalish has the luxury of buying food from a supermarket, using an electric stove and eating out at restaurants. As a mother of her own family, she wanted them â€Å"to be aware of the foods, the ingenuity, the knowledge, the skills, and above all, the everlasting work that was required to survive when resources and supplies were limited† (Kalish 143). Kalish never took food for granted because she grew up on a farm where she learned first hand that one needed to hard work in order â€Å"to survive when resources and supplies were limited† (Kalish 143), such as during the Great Depression. In addition, Kalish’s memoir shows the importance of teamwork and family in order to compensate for the lack of technological devices. A self-sufficient farm, such as the one in â€Å"Little Heathens†, requires constant time consuming and arduous hard work in order to maintain it. Kalish’s memoir explains how â€Å"meal preparations demanded a ceaseless dedication of time and energy that is not readily apparent† (Kalish 117). Every family member must contribute to procuring and making food; the adults take on the bigger responsibilities such as cooking and starting fires (Kalish 105) while the children perform their daily chores. In fact, â€Å"the continuity and stability of family life was absolutely dependent on the fact that all of us kids did the chores that were expected of us† (Kalish 104). The youngest members of the family have a tremendous amount of responsibility on their shoulders. Even though their work consists of small tasks such as â€Å"getting wood† (Kalish 104), it helps the adults a great deal because it relieves them of time consuming chores. If one person slacks, the work remains uncompleted and the whole family suffers. On the contrary, they are rewarded for their hard work at the end of the day with food on the table. Although each member of the family has a specific role to play, most farm work requires a group endeavor. Food preparation calls for the effort of the entire family, such as picking beans and harvesting for a Thanksgiving feast. The Kalish family participates in â€Å"handpicking green beans for the canning factory in Vinton† (Kalish 107), an exhausting but rewarding task. Although it requires toiling in the bean fields for hours under the hot sun, the family members do not complain because they enjoy themselves, listening to jokes and conversations (Kalish 107). In addition, they receive compensation, â€Å"twenty-five cents a bushel: a veritable fortune† (Kalish 107), which helps the family a great deal. Thanksgiving, an important event for the Kalish family, requires â€Å"preparations and planning†¦[that] began weeks before the event† (Kalish 40). This includes â€Å"gathering ground-cherries† and â€Å"cracking nuts† (Kalish 41). Everyone enjoys this special day; they cook for hours in the kitchen and then gather to eat good food. On Thanksgiving Day, the Kalish family truly appreciates being blessed with food and the good times they have in the kitchen regardless of the devastating effects of the Great Depression. At the end of the day, the Kalish family spends time together cooking in the kitchen and enjoying the fruits of their hard work. The Kalish household revolves around the kitchen: â€Å"it was where [they] gathered for companionship and for a variety of work and leisure-time pursuits, where we ate all our meals, and where people entered the house most of the time† (Kalish 119). The kitchen serves as a haven because the â€Å"light, warmth, food, drink† (Kalish 120) raise their spirits. The family dedicates most of the day to performing mundane farm chores in the fields. However, the kitchen work, such as baking, boiling water and cooking meals, allows for time to bond and create memories. The fondest times Kalish reflects upon in the memoir include cooking alongside her mother and aunt. She can recall the specific measurements used in the recipe of a â€Å"favorite corn dishes†¦succotash† (Kalish 124). Furthermore, Kalish associates Saturday nights and Aunte Belle with â€Å"chocolate fudge, penuche and popcorn† (Kalish 32). These nights involve eating, conversing and learning poems. Kalish appreciates her childhood and the influences in her life. An overlooked but essential part of life, food, defines Kalish’s childhood but it also helps her adult life. She shows her connection of food and consciousness that some simple pleasures, such as satisfying one’s appetite and feeling a sense of accomplishment, come from hard work. In contrast to the demanding lifestyle on a farm, the protagonist of â€Å"Sister Turtle† spends her time observing nature and trying to decide whether her loyalty lies with her mind or with her body. She feels lost; should she satisfy her meat eating appetite or not? Rather than hunting game, the protagonist watches animals interact in nature and craves their fresh meat to satisfy her body. She feels conflicted because â€Å"[her] great ones†¦have taught [her] – to observe with passion, to think with patience, to live always care-ingly† (Oliver 20). With these guidelines, she lives peacefully with nature and therefore becomes more aware of her surroundings. The protagonist shows her consciousness of the â€Å"miraculous interchange that make things work, that causes one thing to nurture another, that creates the future out of the past† (Oliver 14). Everything in Nature takes part in the cycle, where a body is sacrificed in order to move forward in life. Feeding her body and being â€Å"devoted to Nature† (Oliver 14) are both natural acts, but should she listen to her mind or her body? This ongoing dilemma within herself forces the protagonist to analyze food carefully, which takes hard work and patience. The turtles, especially their eggs, fascinate her and test her self-control. She watches them work every day and eventually digs up the eggs and eats them. Part of her motivation stems from curiosity, but the predator part wants them just to satisfy her body. She â€Å"dug in the sand to the depth of nine inches more or less† (Oliver 21), trying to find the small turtle eggs. After she successfully uncovers them, she feels the greatest sense of accomplishment and satisfaction: â€Å"I scrambled them. They were a meal. Not too wonderful, not too bad. Rich, substantial† (Oliver 21). Acquiring these eggs took the protagonist a significant amount of time, from studying the turtles’ habits to digging for them. Completely aware of the effects of her actions, â€Å"[she] ate them all, with attention, whimsy, devotion, and respect† (Oliver 22). Not only does she find pleasure in the food itself, but eating also brings about a sense of victory and peace. She finally decides that â€Å"[the body], which must be fed, will be well fed† (Oliver 22) and learns that natures cycle benefits everyone who takes part in it. The protagonist in â€Å"Sister Turtle† demonstrates perseverance and hard work, which allows for rewards such as food and an understanding of her body. On the contrary to â€Å"Little Heathens† and â€Å"Sister Turtle†, the hunger artist rejects food and rather than laboring in fields like the townspeople, he sits in a cage. His profession believes fasting stages a great performance and it disappoints his honor to even â€Å"swallow the smallest morsel of food† (Kafka 1). The hunger artist enjoys the attention of being a celebrity in the town, but he does nothing while bystanders glance at his frightening â€Å"skeleton thinness† (Kafka 2). Unlike the protagonists in â€Å"Little Heathens† and â€Å"Sister Turtle†, the hunger artist does not work hard; he â€Å"[knew] how easy it was to fast† (Kafka 2). He lives life with relative â€Å"ease† for he has no responsibilities and does not contribute to the economy like the townspeople do. The hunger artist finds self-expression through the art form of fasting more important than embracing essential parts of life like food. As a consequence of refusing to eat, the hunger artist leads an angry and unfulfilling life. He misses out on the pleasure and excitement from consuming good food. Furthermore, he alienates himself when he joins a circus, only to sit in another cage (Kafka 4). As a result, he lashes out and expresses his anger â€Å"with an outburst of fury and to the general alarm began to shake the bars of his cage like a wild animal† (Kakfa 3). He feels cheated of his fame and exercises no patience for people who do not understand him. For example, the impresario sells photographs of the hunger artist that show him â€Å"almost dead from exhaustion† (Kafka 3). The hunger artist wants to fight back against this â€Å"perversion of the truth† (Kafka 4) about his profession. He constantly feels irritated and impatient because he cannot relate to others in the community who enjoy working hard to produce their own food. Not only does the hunger artist occasionally lash out in frustration, but he also feels dissatisfied. The hunger artist strives for only one thing in life: the admiration of others. Kafka portrays him as a weak character that feels â€Å"cheated† in life (Kakfa 6). The majority of people in the town, such as the butchers, have to work hard to provide resources for the town and put food on their own table at home. The hunger artist, however, does not take on these responsibilities and does not see the importance of food. Therefore, â€Å"he was never satisfied† (Kafka 2). In the end, the hunger artist finally admits his reasoning behind fasting: â€Å"I couldn’t find the food I liked. If I had found it, believe me, I should have made no fuss and stuffed myself like you or anyone else† (Kafka 6). His body rejects food because his mind tells him it is not worthwhile since he does not like anything. The hunger artist’s life is marked by anger, frustration and melancholy because he fails to appreciate and see the importance of food as the protagonists do in â€Å"Little Heathens† and â€Å"Sister Turtle†. Kalish quickly adapts to modern technology in her adult life, but realizes in her memoir that her upbringing on a farm has made a more mature person who appreciates life and food. The protagonist in â€Å"Sister Turtle† does not let her mind or body overtake the other. Regardless of how she decides to live her life, whether to eat meat or not, she is conscious of the work required to produce the food she consumes. The hunger artist never understands the simple rewards food brings and therefore, he is never satisfied and happy. Often taken for granted since it is part of one’s daily routine, food can only be achieved through hard work and perseverance, which Kalish, Mary Oliver and Kalish demonstrate in their works.